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The Second Most Common Ancestry By State In The United States For 2026

Irish held the #2 ancestry spot in 34 states; the newest Census data gives English 19 runner-up spots. See every state's top three ancestries, every decade.

Chris Kolmar
Written by
HomeSnacks
Last updated
July 26, 2026

A state’s first ancestry tells you its brand; the second tells you its history, so we ranked the second most common ancestry by state, then ran the tape back to 2000. German still leads the national ancestry question with 41,767,410 people, but the runner-up map just got repainted: Irish held the number-two spot in 34 states in the prior edition, and the newest data gives English 19 runner-up spots.

  • German ancestry leads in 28 states, still the widest footprint on the Census ancestry question.
  • English is the new national runner-up by a hair, in a statistical tie with Irish after trailing it for two decades.
  • The upland South rewrote itself: American ancestry led nine states in 2000 and leads only Alabama today.
  • Twenty-eight of 51 states changed their runner-up ancestry since 2000.
  • Viral ancestry maps that show Mexican or African American entries are answering a different Census question; we rank the ancestry question and say so.

The map, every state’s top three, and the decade-by-decade repaint are below.

What is the second most common ancestry in each state?

English, in 19 states, followed by Irish in 13, German in 10, American in 4, Norwegian in 3, and Italian in 2. A decade ago that sentence would have started with Irish, which held the runner-up spot in more than 30 states through every edition from 2010 to 2019.

One thing before the map. We rank the Census ancestry question, where people write in their heritage; the viral maps showing Mexican or African American blend in the separate race and Hispanic-origin questions. Both are real Census data answering different questions, which is why our map and theirs disagree without either being wrong.

Alabama: #2 ancestry EnglishEArizona: #2 ancestry EnglishEArkansas: #2 ancestry GermanGCalifornia: #2 ancestry EnglishEColorado: #2 ancestry EnglishEConnecticut: #2 ancestry IrishDelaware: #2 ancestry GermanDistrict Of Columbia: #2 ancestry German (first place is a statistical tie)Florida: #2 ancestry EnglishEGeorgia: #2 ancestry AmericanAIdaho: #2 ancestry GermanGIllinois: #2 ancestry IrishIIndiana: #2 ancestry EnglishEIowa: #2 ancestry IrishIKansas: #2 ancestry EnglishEKentucky: #2 ancestry GermanGLouisiana: #2 ancestry AmericanAMaine: #2 ancestry IrishIMaryland: #2 ancestry IrishMassachusetts: #2 ancestry ItalianMichigan: #2 ancestry EnglishEMinnesota: #2 ancestry NorwegianNMississippi: #2 ancestry AmericanAMissouri: #2 ancestry EnglishEMontana: #2 ancestry IrishINebraska: #2 ancestry IrishINevada: #2 ancestry EnglishENew Hampshire: #2 ancestry EnglishNew Jersey: #2 ancestry IrishNew Mexico: #2 ancestry English (first place is a statistical tie)ENew York: #2 ancestry IrishINorth Carolina: #2 ancestry GermanGNorth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianNOhio: #2 ancestry IrishIOklahoma: #2 ancestry EnglishEOregon: #2 ancestry EnglishEPennsylvania: #2 ancestry IrishIRhode Island: #2 ancestry ItalianSouth Carolina: #2 ancestry GermanGSouth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianNTennessee: #2 ancestry AmericanATexas: #2 ancestry EnglishEUtah: #2 ancestry GermanGVermont: #2 ancestry IrishVirginia: #2 ancestry GermanGWashington: #2 ancestry EnglishEWest Virginia: #2 ancestry GermanGWisconsin: #2 ancestry IrishIWyoming: #2 ancestry EnglishEAKHI
Map: the second most common ancestry by state, from the newest Census five-year data. Letters mark the six ancestries that hold runner-up spots; hatching marks the two states whose FIRST place is a statistical tie.
EnglishIrishGermanAmericanNorwegianItalianOtherFirst place is a tie

Source: Census Bureau, ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates, table B04006.

The second most common ancestry by state: the full table

The table below shows every state plus DC: the top three ancestries and how many people report each. States marked with an asterisk have a statistical tie between second and third; DC and New Mexico’s first place is itself a coin flip.

The top three ancestries in every state plus DC (Census ancestry question, ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B04006; people may report up to two ancestries). † = first place is a statistical tie with second; * = second and third are a statistical tie. The national #2 (English over Irish) is itself within the margin of error. Click a header to sort.
State#1 ancestryPeople#2 ancestryPeople#3 ancestryPeople
AlabamaAmerican653,721English616,859Irish404,879
AlaskaGerman104,441English73,505Irish*70,110
ArizonaGerman932,597English752,190Irish657,986
ArkansasEnglish374,703German279,692Irish*272,301
CaliforniaGerman2,671,714English2,476,371Irish2,301,721
ColoradoGerman1,049,147English740,345Irish656,941
ConnecticutItalian554,301Irish503,149English314,811
DelawareIrish151,161German126,228English106,949
District of ColumbiaIrish†55,299German52,902English48,479
FloridaGerman1,985,305English1,840,766Irish*1,838,284
GeorgiaEnglish1,133,105American827,258Irish756,390
HawaiiGerman83,954English74,073Irish68,302
IdahoEnglish372,645German319,931Irish183,185
IllinoisGerman2,044,612Irish1,342,703English870,350
IndianaGerman1,335,951English773,441Irish690,715
IowaGerman980,649Irish411,367English327,821
KansasGerman687,204English366,172Irish332,347
KentuckyEnglish659,510German576,331American522,727
LouisianaFrench440,472American342,287English*335,682
MaineEnglish302,917Irish229,186French157,540
MarylandGerman706,021Irish577,895English524,897
MassachusettsIrish1,310,139Italian783,820English679,771
MichiganGerman1,786,247English1,058,583Irish999,747
MinnesotaGerman1,675,837Norwegian692,350Irish566,539
MississippiEnglish312,218American295,321Irish218,954
MissouriGerman1,319,250English734,425Irish*727,902
MontanaGerman256,217Irish150,953English*146,772
NebraskaGerman612,926Irish231,984English186,223
NevadaGerman298,575English275,961Irish252,069
New HampshireIrish286,760English255,560French146,969
New JerseyItalian1,279,010Irish1,130,177German807,255
New MexicoGerman†184,470English181,206Irish146,507
New YorkItalian2,163,906Irish2,087,330German1,706,078
North CarolinaEnglish1,367,875German1,012,317Irish903,955
North DakotaGerman271,059Norwegian158,982Irish56,859
OhioGerman2,628,648Irish1,459,020English1,297,515
OklahomaGerman483,815English459,982Irish397,216
OregonGerman694,124English599,294Irish471,259
PennsylvaniaGerman2,809,843Irish1,928,283Italian1,381,650
Rhode IslandIrish176,962Italian162,494English119,422
South CarolinaEnglish642,871German495,222Irish*480,662
South DakotaGerman300,492Norwegian94,707Irish*90,144
TennesseeEnglish939,333American800,586Irish660,169
TexasGerman2,498,429English2,381,413Irish1,801,243
UtahEnglish958,812German339,591Irish207,208
VermontEnglish123,783Irish108,493German69,210
VirginiaEnglish1,046,086German876,295Irish793,505
WashingtonGerman1,131,135English945,501Irish765,987
West VirginiaEnglish278,511German260,636Irish218,888
WisconsinGerman2,115,941Irish613,046Polish451,347
WyomingGerman125,092English91,276Irish68,046
USAGerman41,767,410English31,698,663Irish31,613,628

Source: Census Bureau, ACS 2020-2024 5-year estimates, table B04006.

How the ancestry map changed, decade by decade

Flip through the eras and 28 of 51 states change their runner-up at least once. The 2000 map is Irish country: second place in 26 states, with English holding 10. Through 2010, 2015, and 2019 Irish only tightened its grip, peaking at 34 states.

Then the newest edition breaks the pattern everywhere at once. English jumps from 5 runner-up states to 19 while Irish falls to 13, and the first-place map moves too, with English climbing from 2 states to 13. The why is below the maps.

Alabama: #2 ancestry EnglishArizona: #2 ancestry EnglishArkansas: #2 ancestry IrishCalifornia: #2 ancestry IrishColorado: #2 ancestry IrishConnecticut: #2 ancestry IrishDelaware: #2 ancestry GermanDistrict Of Columbia: #2 ancestry GermanFlorida: #2 ancestry IrishGeorgia: #2 ancestry EnglishIdaho: #2 ancestry EnglishIllinois: #2 ancestry IrishIndiana: #2 ancestry AmericanIowa: #2 ancestry IrishKansas: #2 ancestry IrishKentucky: #2 ancestry GermanLouisiana: #2 ancestry AmericanMaine: #2 ancestry IrishMaryland: #2 ancestry IrishMassachusetts: #2 ancestry ItalianMichigan: #2 ancestry IrishMinnesota: #2 ancestry NorwegianMississippi: #2 ancestry IrishMissouri: #2 ancestry IrishMontana: #2 ancestry IrishNebraska: #2 ancestry IrishNevada: #2 ancestry IrishNew Hampshire: #2 ancestry EnglishNew Jersey: #2 ancestry IrishNew Mexico: #2 ancestry EnglishNew York: #2 ancestry IrishNorth Carolina: #2 ancestry EnglishNorth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianOhio: #2 ancestry IrishOklahoma: #2 ancestry AmericanOregon: #2 ancestry EnglishPennsylvania: #2 ancestry IrishRhode Island: #2 ancestry IrishSouth Carolina: #2 ancestry GermanSouth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianTennessee: #2 ancestry IrishTexas: #2 ancestry AmericanUtah: #2 ancestry GermanVermont: #2 ancestry IrishVirginia: #2 ancestry AmericanWashington: #2 ancestry EnglishWest Virginia: #2 ancestry GermanWisconsin: #2 ancestry IrishWyoming: #2 ancestry English
2000: Irish is the runner-up in 26 states, English in 10.
EnglishIrishGermanAmericanNorwegianItalianOtherFirst place is a tie
Alabama: #2 ancestry IrishArizona: #2 ancestry IrishArkansas: #2 ancestry GermanCalifornia: #2 ancestry IrishColorado: #2 ancestry IrishConnecticut: #2 ancestry IrishDelaware: #2 ancestry GermanDistrict Of Columbia: #2 ancestry GermanFlorida: #2 ancestry IrishGeorgia: #2 ancestry IrishIdaho: #2 ancestry EnglishIllinois: #2 ancestry IrishIndiana: #2 ancestry IrishIowa: #2 ancestry IrishKansas: #2 ancestry IrishKentucky: #2 ancestry GermanLouisiana: #2 ancestry AmericanMaine: #2 ancestry IrishMaryland: #2 ancestry IrishMassachusetts: #2 ancestry ItalianMichigan: #2 ancestry IrishMinnesota: #2 ancestry NorwegianMississippi: #2 ancestry IrishMissouri: #2 ancestry IrishMontana: #2 ancestry IrishNebraska: #2 ancestry IrishNevada: #2 ancestry IrishNew Hampshire: #2 ancestry EnglishNew Jersey: #2 ancestry IrishNew Mexico: #2 ancestry EnglishNew York: #2 ancestry IrishNorth Carolina: #2 ancestry AmericanNorth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianOhio: #2 ancestry IrishOklahoma: #2 ancestry IrishOregon: #2 ancestry EnglishPennsylvania: #2 ancestry IrishRhode Island: #2 ancestry ItalianSouth Carolina: #2 ancestry GermanSouth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianTennessee: #2 ancestry IrishTexas: #2 ancestry IrishUtah: #2 ancestry GermanVermont: #2 ancestry IrishVirginia: #2 ancestry EnglishWashington: #2 ancestry IrishWest Virginia: #2 ancestry IrishWisconsin: #2 ancestry IrishWyoming: #2 ancestry English
2010 edition: Irish 32, German 6, English 6.
EnglishIrishGermanAmericanNorwegianItalianOtherFirst place is a tie
Alabama: #2 ancestry IrishArizona: #2 ancestry IrishArkansas: #2 ancestry IrishCalifornia: #2 ancestry IrishColorado: #2 ancestry IrishConnecticut: #2 ancestry IrishDelaware: #2 ancestry GermanDistrict Of Columbia: #2 ancestry IrishFlorida: #2 ancestry AmericanGeorgia: #2 ancestry EnglishIdaho: #2 ancestry EnglishIllinois: #2 ancestry IrishIndiana: #2 ancestry IrishIowa: #2 ancestry IrishKansas: #2 ancestry IrishKentucky: #2 ancestry GermanLouisiana: #2 ancestry AmericanMaine: #2 ancestry IrishMaryland: #2 ancestry IrishMassachusetts: #2 ancestry ItalianMichigan: #2 ancestry IrishMinnesota: #2 ancestry NorwegianMississippi: #2 ancestry IrishMissouri: #2 ancestry IrishMontana: #2 ancestry IrishNebraska: #2 ancestry IrishNevada: #2 ancestry IrishNew Hampshire: #2 ancestry EnglishNew Jersey: #2 ancestry IrishNew Mexico: #2 ancestry IrishNew York: #2 ancestry IrishNorth Carolina: #2 ancestry GermanNorth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianOhio: #2 ancestry IrishOklahoma: #2 ancestry IrishOregon: #2 ancestry IrishPennsylvania: #2 ancestry IrishRhode Island: #2 ancestry ItalianSouth Carolina: #2 ancestry GermanSouth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianTennessee: #2 ancestry IrishTexas: #2 ancestry IrishUtah: #2 ancestry GermanVermont: #2 ancestry EnglishVirginia: #2 ancestry AmericanWashington: #2 ancestry IrishWest Virginia: #2 ancestry IrishWisconsin: #2 ancestry IrishWyoming: #2 ancestry English
2015 edition: Irish peaks near its widest, 33 states.
EnglishIrishGermanAmericanNorwegianItalianOtherFirst place is a tie
Alabama: #2 ancestry IrishArizona: #2 ancestry IrishArkansas: #2 ancestry IrishCalifornia: #2 ancestry IrishColorado: #2 ancestry IrishConnecticut: #2 ancestry IrishDelaware: #2 ancestry GermanDistrict Of Columbia: #2 ancestry IrishFlorida: #2 ancestry IrishGeorgia: #2 ancestry EnglishIdaho: #2 ancestry EnglishIllinois: #2 ancestry IrishIndiana: #2 ancestry IrishIowa: #2 ancestry IrishKansas: #2 ancestry IrishKentucky: #2 ancestry GermanLouisiana: #2 ancestry AmericanMaine: #2 ancestry IrishMaryland: #2 ancestry IrishMassachusetts: #2 ancestry ItalianMichigan: #2 ancestry IrishMinnesota: #2 ancestry NorwegianMississippi: #2 ancestry IrishMissouri: #2 ancestry IrishMontana: #2 ancestry IrishNebraska: #2 ancestry IrishNevada: #2 ancestry IrishNew Hampshire: #2 ancestry EnglishNew Jersey: #2 ancestry IrishNew Mexico: #2 ancestry IrishNew York: #2 ancestry IrishNorth Carolina: #2 ancestry GermanNorth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianOhio: #2 ancestry IrishOklahoma: #2 ancestry IrishOregon: #2 ancestry IrishPennsylvania: #2 ancestry IrishRhode Island: #2 ancestry ItalianSouth Carolina: #2 ancestry GermanSouth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianTennessee: #2 ancestry IrishTexas: #2 ancestry IrishUtah: #2 ancestry GermanVermont: #2 ancestry EnglishVirginia: #2 ancestry AmericanWashington: #2 ancestry IrishWest Virginia: #2 ancestry IrishWisconsin: #2 ancestry IrishWyoming: #2 ancestry English
2019 edition: Irish 34, English still just 5.
EnglishIrishGermanAmericanNorwegianItalianOtherFirst place is a tie
Alabama: #2 ancestry EnglishArizona: #2 ancestry EnglishArkansas: #2 ancestry GermanCalifornia: #2 ancestry EnglishColorado: #2 ancestry EnglishConnecticut: #2 ancestry IrishDelaware: #2 ancestry GermanDistrict Of Columbia: #2 ancestry GermanFlorida: #2 ancestry EnglishGeorgia: #2 ancestry AmericanIdaho: #2 ancestry GermanIllinois: #2 ancestry IrishIndiana: #2 ancestry EnglishIowa: #2 ancestry IrishKansas: #2 ancestry EnglishKentucky: #2 ancestry GermanLouisiana: #2 ancestry AmericanMaine: #2 ancestry IrishMaryland: #2 ancestry IrishMassachusetts: #2 ancestry ItalianMichigan: #2 ancestry EnglishMinnesota: #2 ancestry NorwegianMississippi: #2 ancestry AmericanMissouri: #2 ancestry EnglishMontana: #2 ancestry IrishNebraska: #2 ancestry IrishNevada: #2 ancestry EnglishNew Hampshire: #2 ancestry EnglishNew Jersey: #2 ancestry IrishNew Mexico: #2 ancestry EnglishNew York: #2 ancestry IrishNorth Carolina: #2 ancestry GermanNorth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianOhio: #2 ancestry IrishOklahoma: #2 ancestry EnglishOregon: #2 ancestry EnglishPennsylvania: #2 ancestry IrishRhode Island: #2 ancestry ItalianSouth Carolina: #2 ancestry GermanSouth Dakota: #2 ancestry NorwegianTennessee: #2 ancestry AmericanTexas: #2 ancestry EnglishUtah: #2 ancestry GermanVermont: #2 ancestry IrishVirginia: #2 ancestry GermanWashington: #2 ancestry EnglishWest Virginia: #2 ancestry GermanWisconsin: #2 ancestry IrishWyoming: #2 ancestry English
The newest edition: English 19, Irish 13, German 10, American 4.
EnglishIrishGermanAmericanNorwegianItalianOtherFirst place is a tie
States where each ancestry is the runner-up, by era (Census ancestry question; ACS 5-year editions + the 2000 long form).
Runner-up ancestry20002010201520192024
English1065519
Irish2632333413
German665510
American52324
Norwegian33333
Italian12222

Why is English suddenly everywhere?

Because how Americans describe themselves changed, not who Americans are. The newest census cycle let people who marked White write in detailed origins for the first time, and the Census Bureau’s own analysis of those write-ins crowns English at 46.6 million, ahead of German’s 45 million. That reporting shift is now visible in the ancestry survey too.

Nationally the change lands as a photo finish. English counts 31,698,663 on the ancestry question against Irish’s 31,613,628, a gap of about 85,000 people that sits inside the survey’s margin of error. Call it a statistical tie, with English ahead on the point estimate for the first time this century.

So is German still the most common ancestry in America? Yes, and it isn’t close: 41,767,410, though well off its peak. The count reached 49,836,146 in the 2010-era edition and has drifted down ever since.

Runner-up states held by Irish vs English, era by era. Two decades of Irish dominance, then one edition rewrites it.
2000 Irish26
2000 English10
2010 Irish32
2010 English6
2015 Irish33
2015 English5
2019 Irish34
2019 English5
2024 Irish13
2024 English19

Source: Census ancestry question, ACS 5-year editions + 2000 long form.

Where did American ancestry go?

In 2000, “American” was the most common answer in nine states, all Southern: Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Today it leads only Alabama.

The word didn’t vanish; the neighbors changed their answer. English took the other eight, part of the same reporting shift that repainted the runner-up map.

American ancestry mostly marks long-settled families in the upland South, and it’s neither an error nor a boast. It’s what people wrote. The heritage endures even where the words don’t; our second most common language page shows German vanishing from American kitchens while it holds the ancestry map.

Where “American” was the most common ancestry.
2000: 9 statesAlabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginiathe upland South, answering “American”
Now: 1 stateAlabama, where 653,721 people still write it inEnglish took the other eight

Source: Census ancestry question, 2000 long form vs ACS 2020-2024.

Methodology: where these numbers come from

Rankings come from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey five-year estimates, table B04006, people reporting ancestry, for the 50 states plus DC, with the 2000 Census long form’s ancestry table as the earliest era. People may report up to two ancestries, so counts sum past the population. The 1980 and 1990 ancestry tables aren’t in the Census API, so our ladder runs 2000 to the newest edition.

We rank the ancestry question’s named ancestries only. Its catch-all rows, where race and Hispanic-origin write-ins land, are excluded and explain why maps built on the combined questions crown different groups. The English write-in figures from the 2020 Census come from the Census Bureau’s own analysis and are quoted as their numbers, not mixed into ours.

  • Rankings: Census ACS 2020-2024 5-year, table B04006 (ancestry question, named ancestries)
  • Eras: ACS 5-year editions 2006-2010, 2011-2015, 2015-2019 + Census 2000 long form (PCT018)
  • Multi-response universe: people may report up to two ancestries
  • Statistical ties marked in the table and on the map

For who actually stayed put, our states where people never leave page maps homegrown America.

The bottom line

America’s ancestry map spent two decades barely moving and then repainted itself in one edition: German still first, English surging past Irish into the runner-up spot, and the South trading “American” for “English.” Most of that is people changing their answer, not their address.

Heritage on a survey is a choice. The map measures what Americans choose to say, and lately they’re saying English.

Frequently asked questions

What ancestry is most common in the US?

German is the most common ancestry on the Census ancestry question, with 41,767,410 people reporting it, ahead of English at 31,698,663 and Irish at 31,613,628. On the separate 2020 Census race write-ins, the Census Bureau found English largest among White respondents at 46.6 million. Different questions, different crowns.

What are the top 5 ancestries in America?

The top five reported ancestries in the US are German (41,767,410), English (31,698,663), Irish (31,613,628), American (17,776,954), and Italian (16,176,874), per the newest Census American Community Survey. Polish follows at 8,344,993. People may report up to two ancestries.

Why do some ancestry maps show Mexican or African American?

Because those maps combine three Census questions: ancestry, race, and Hispanic origin. Mexican ancestry and African American identity are collected on the race and Hispanic-origin questions, not the ancestry write-in this page ranks. Over 62 million Americans identify as Hispanic or Latino on that separate question, so combined-question maps look very different in the South and Southwest.

What does American ancestry mean on the Census?

American ancestry means the respondent wrote “American” as their heritage, common among long-settled families in the upland South. It led nine states in 2000 but leads only Alabama today, where 653,721 people report it. It is a self-description, not a measure of citizenship or patriotism.

Is German ancestry declining in the US?

Yes, as an answer: German ancestry peaked at 49,836,146 in the 2010-era survey and counts 41,767,410 now, though it still leads 28 states. Fewer descendants write it down each decade. Ancestry reporting follows identity and memory, so counts move even when families don’t.

Sources

  1. US Census Bureau. “American Community Survey, 2020-2024 5-Year Estimates, Table B04006: People Reporting Ancestry.” 2025. data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2024.B04006
  2. US Census Bureau. “Census 2000, Summary File 3, Table PCT018: Ancestry.” 2002. data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF32000.PCT018
  3. US Census Bureau. “Over Half of White Population Reported Being English, German or Irish (2020 Census Detailed DHC-A).” 2023. www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/10/2020-census-dhc-a-white-population.html
Chris Kolmar
About the author

Chris Kolmar has been in the real estate business for almost ten years now. He originally worked for Movoto Real Estate as the director of marketing before founding HomeSnacks.

He believes the key to finding the right place to live comes down to looking at the data, reading about things to do, and, most importantly, checking it out yourself before you move.

If you've been looking for a place to live in the past several years, you've probably stumbled upon his writing already.

You can find out more about him on LinkedIn or his website.

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